Tenoning-machine



4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. H. DUANE.

TBNONING MACHINE.

mineaaed RS lvoln-Lflhogmnhm, Washinglon, nv c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W. H. DUANE.

TENONING MACHINE.

Patented Oct. 18,1881.

u. PETERS. PboXo-Lllhognpfur. Waihingion. 0.0.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. H. DOANE.

TENONING MAGHINE. No. 248,412. Patented Oct. 18,1881.

UNITED TATES WILLIAM H. DOANE, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

.TENONING-VMACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 2 18,412, dated October 18, 1881.

Application filed February 10, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. DUANE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tenouing-Machines; and that I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, ret'erence being had to theaccompanyingdrawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to machines more especially designed for cutting tenons on heavy sticks of timber, either single tenons or double tenons.

The main object of my improvement is to extend the utility of machines of this kind by such a construction thereof that they may also be used for cutting gains in sticks ot'timbcr at any distance from the ends of the stick.

To this end the main t'eature of my invention consists in constructing the column of the machine on which the cutter-heads are mounted with a goose-neck, whereby a deep gap is formed across the column, through which gap the stick of timber may extend endwise and be fed crosswise past the cutter-heads to be gained.

It further consists of certain novel mechanical combinations, clearly stated in claims at the close of this specification, and relating to the disposition of the several cutter-heads, and the means for adjusting the same to the mode of belting the horizontal cutter-heads, and to the feed mechanism.

1n order that my invention may be clearly understood 1 have illustrated in the annexed drawings, and will proceed .to describe a form thereof which has been embodied in practical working machines, with the understanding that the details of construction may be greatly varied to suit circumstances or the views of builders or users without departing from the general features of my invention, which some of the claims at the close of this specification are intended to cover broadly enough to subordinate machines so varied or modified in details.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved tenouing-machine, showing a stick of timber with a double tenon cut on one end of it. Fig. 2is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section in the plane indicated by broken line 00 w on Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section in the plane indicated by broken line y g on Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views of parts of the machine.

The same letters refer to similar parts in all the figures.

The column A is hollow and formed with a goose-neck, A, whereby a deep rearwardlyextending gap, A is formed across the front side of the column. The lower horizontallydisposed cutter-head B is secured on one overhung end of shaft B, the other overhung end of which carries the pulley B through which. it is driven. Shaft B is mounted in hearings on the vertically-movable slide B which is gibbed on a forwardly-projecting hollow bracket, A of column A. The lower end of slide B is connected to hanger O, which supports the slide and its adjuncts through the inter vention of a screw, 0, tapped in the hanger, and swiveled with its shank to a lug on the slide, as best seen in Fig. 4.

The lower end of the shank of the screw G is provided with a hand-wheel, C by turning which the slide 13 may be moved up or down for the purpose of vertically adjusting cutterhead B.

The hanger (J is suspended under bracket A on a screw, D, the shank of which is swiveled on the bottom wall of said bracket, and extending up into it has a bevel-wheel, D, keyed on its upper end, by which said screw D may be turned, on doing which the hanger C will be moved up or down, as the case may be, carrying with it the slide B and all its adjuncts. Thus it will be seen that the cutterhead B may be vertically adjusted in two ways-either by the screw 0 or by-the screw D.

The upper horizontally-disposed cutter-head, E, is secured on one overhung end of a shaft, E, on the other overhung end of which is secured a pulley, E for driving it. Shaft E is mounted in bearings formed or secured on a horizontally-movable plate or cross-slide, E gibbed on a vertically-movable slide, E in turn gibbed on the standards A on the for- Ward end of the goose-neck A of column A. It is preferable to arrange the axis of the shaft E in the same vertical planein which the axis of shaft B lies.

The cross-slideE is controlled by a screw, E, by operating which the cross-slide may be moved horizontally, so as to adjust cutterhead E, in order that itmay cut one side of a tenon equaling or differing from the length of one side of the tenon cut by the cutter-head B. Thus in cutting a single tenon both outter-heads cut to the same line from the end of the stick. They also cut to the samelinefrom the end of the stick when two tencns of equal length are to be cut thereon. But when in cutting two tenous on the end of the stick one of the tenous is to be longer than the other, then the upper cutter-head E is adjusted to out either beyond the line of the cut of the lower cutter-head, B, or to a line nearer to the end of the stick, according as the upper or the lower tenon is to be the longer.

The slide E is supported on the hanger I through the intervention of a screw, F, tapped in the hanger and swiveled to an car on the slide. The screw isprovided witha hand-wheel for operating it. By turning the screw the slide E may be vertically adjusted with respect to the hanger F. This hanger is supported on a screw, W, the shank of which, being swiveled in the upper wall of hollow gooseneck A, passes into the same and carries at its lower end a bevel-wheel, F for turning it. By operating this screw F the hanger F may be adjusted up and down for the purpose of raising or lowering slide E with its adjuncts, one of which is the cutter-head E. Thus the cutter-head E may, like cutter-head B, be vertically adjusted in two ways, either by screw F or by screw F v For the purpose of adjusting the slides B and E either separately or together, I provide the leading-shaft G, arranged in the hollow column,with one end projecting through the bracket A of such column, and through a vertical slot in slide B to receive a hand-wheel, G for operating it. This leading-shaft is connected by a train of bevel-gearing to a parallel adj usting-shaft, H, arranged in thehollow goose-neck, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The leading-shaft G carries a bevel-wheel, G, adapted to mesh with and drive bevel-wheel I) on adjustingscrew D. The parallel counter-shaft H similarly carries a bevel-wheel, H, adapted to mesh with and drive bevel-wheel F on adjustingscrew F Bevel-wheel G, being shiftably connected by a spline to the leading-shalt, may be thrown out of and in gear with bevel-wheel D by a shifter, G fixed on a cross rock-shaft or stud, G, one end of which protrudes through the outside walls of the column and carries a handle, G in order that it maybe conveniently operated. This handle may be provided with a spring-latch adapted to lock the handle, so as to hold bevel-wheel G either in gear or out of gear, as the case may be. Bevel-wheel H is in similar manner shiftahly connected by a spline to adj Listing-shaft H, and may be thrown out of and in gear with bevel-wheelF by ashilt er, H fixed on'a cross rock-shaft or stud, H, which protrudes through the outside wall of the hollow goose-neck and carries a handle the same as studG the handle beingin like manner adapted to be locked to hold bevel Heither in gear or out of gear, as the case may be.

It willnow be readily understood thatthecutter-heads B and E can be vertically adjusted by the operation of the leading-shaft G either simultaneouslyor separately, according as both bevel wheels,Gand H, are in gear or only one or the other of them is in gear atthe time. The screws D and F are so threaded that their simultaneous operation will cause the respective cutter-heads B and E to be moved in opposite directions. The described various possible adjustments of the cutter-heads B and E, together with their primary setting on their respective shafts, provide for all contingencies occurring in the work of tenoning single or double. These cutter-heads being for tenoning, are provided with edge-cutters b and 0 respectively, which cut in advance of the knives to form clean-cut shoulders for the tenon or tenons. For gaining purposes gainer-heads must be substituted for thetenoner-heads shown.

In order that thecutter-heads B and E may be driven bya single helt without obstructing the free passage or" the stick of timber through the gap in the column and beyond the belt, I. pass such driving-belt 1 from the drivingpulley I, over the pulley B of cutter-head B, then pass it under an idler, 1 from which it passes up again over an automatic belt-tightener pulley, 1*", to return in a horizontal direction to a largeidler, I", from which it runs forward again in a horizontal direction to pass around pulley E of cutter-head E, to finally return to the driving-pulley I. The drivingbelt is thus "gapped to correspond with the gapped column. The driving-pulley l is keyed to the main shaft I, mounted in suitable bearings across the back of the column or gooseneck. Idler 1 turns on a stud projecting from the outside wall of the goose-neck, while idler 1 turns on a stud projecting from slide B The belt-tightener pulley 1 serves to hold the belt 1 at the proper tautness under all adjustments of the cutter-heads B and E, and is to that end mounted on a stud projecting from a standardfl", gibbed upon a bracket, Z), on the slide B The foot of said standard 1 is provided with rack-teeth on its under side, which teeth are engaged by a spur-wheel, l keyed to a shaft mounted on bracket 1), and carrying a sheave, 1 to which a rope or chain is fastened for the suspension of a weight, 1 from it. This weight, through the intervening de vices, pulls constantly on the tightener-pulley.

The cutter-head K, used for cutting the central gap in forming a double tenon on a stick of timber, is mounted on a vertical spindle, K, mounted in hearings on a vertical slide, K,

gibbed on the inner side of the column some distance in rear of the cutter-heads B and E, but still having plenty of play in front of the end of the gap in the column. A vertical rack, K is formed on the back of slide K projecting through a slot into the hollow column and engaged by a spur-pinion, Kt, on a shaft, K which is mounted in a hub, K projecting from thcouter side of the column, and carries abandwheel, K", for operating it to adjust slide K and the cutter head K, supported thereby. This cutter-head K is arranged to cut to a line or point lying in or coincident with the outer plane of the edge-cutters of the non-adjustable cutter-head B.

The lower end of the spindle K carries a pulley, K which is driven by a belt from a pulley, L, on a counter-shaft, L, which carries another pulley, L driven by a belt from a pulley, L on the driving-shaft I of the machine.

The stick of timberto be operated on is supported on a carriage, M, provided with suitable adjustable knees m, for giving lateral support to the stick of timber, and the ordinary clamp presser foot M at the forward end of the carriage, to securely hold the stick of timher down on the carriage near the point where it is subjected to the action of the cutters. The carriage is mounted on ways N and N of a bench, N, which may be cast on the column, with a deep gap between the two. The carriage is traversed past the cutters by a leading-screw, 0, which operates in a nut, 0, connected to the carriage. At the front end the leading-screw O is journaled in a bearing, a, at the front end of way N, the rear end of which terminates in a yoke, N in a bearing, a, in which the rear end of the leading-screw is journaled. This rear end of the leadingscrew carries an overhung beveled friction-pulley, O constructed with abeveled friction-surface, 0, of large diameter, and another beveled friction-surface, 0, of smaller diameter, concentric with the large one.

A cross-shaft, P, arranged in bearings ot' the yoke N in front of the friction-pulley 0 is provided with a shiftable sleeve connected to it by a spline and provided with the beveled friction-pulleys p p, so arranged that the one marked 1) may engage the friction-surface 0, and the one marked 19 the friction-surface o of the friction-pulley 0 on opposite sides of the axis of the latter. The distance between the beveled friction-pulleys p and p is such that both may be disengaged from the beveled friction-pulley O and that only one of them at a time can be in gear with friction-pulley 0 A collar, p placed on the sleeve between the friction-pulleys pp, and provided with a downwardly-projecting arm, is used for shifting such pulleys from the front of the machine through the intervention of a shifter-rod, P, a crank-arm,p of which operates on the arm of collar 12 in any convenient or preferred way.

The front end of the shifter-rod is provided with a handle for turning it, and may be combined with aspring locking device, P adapted stick to the cutters the friction-pulley pis put in gear with friction surface 0 of pulley O, producing a comparatively slow feed. After the stick has been duly operated on the friction-pulleys p and p are shifted, so as to put pulley p in gear with friction-surface 0 of pulley 0 whereby a comparatively rapid return movement of the carriage M is effected. In order to obtain greater difference of speed between the feed motion and the return motion by these friction pulleys without unduly increasing the diameter of pulley 0 the latter may be dished or made cup shape to some extent, as shown, so that the friction-surface 0 thereof may lie in a plane back of the plane of the friction-surface 0. Such construction admits of an increase of the diameter of frictionpulley )9 over that of pulley 19, so that the speed of the return movement of the carriage will be augmented in consequence ofthe greater peripheral speed of driver 12, as well as of the reduced size. of the driven friction-surface.

The not 0 may be onlya half-nut arranged in a seat on the side of the carriage sill and controlled by a hand-lever for causing it to engage or disengage screw 0; and a means may be provided for effecting automatic engagement and disengagement of the screw by such half-nut.

From the foregoing description it will be readily understood that a stick of timber may be gained crosswise at any distance from its ends by a suitable gainer head or heads, since the gapped column and gapped belt, for driving the cutter-head shafts B and E, permit the stick of timber to extend through the gaps of the column and belt and to befed when so extended to the gainer head or heads.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In atenoning-machine, theco-mbination of two adjustable parallel cutter-heads arranged on opposite sides of a gap in the frame or column and a carriage reciprocating in the direction of the depth of the said gap, substantially as before set forth.

2. Inatenoning-machine, thccombination of two adj nstable parallel cutter-heads arranged on opposite sides of a gap in the frame or column a belt for driving the cutterheads arranged over pulleys to leave a gap .therein, and a carriage reciprocating in the direction of the depth of the said gap, substantially as before set forth.

3. In a tenoning machine, the combination of two parallel cutter-heads arranged on opposite sides of a gap in the frame or column, and

a third cutter-head operating at right angles to and in rear of the first two, substantially as before set forth.

4. In a tenoning-machine, the combination of two parallel cutter-heads arranged on opposite sides of a gap in the frame or column, and a third cutter-head operating at right angles to and in rear of the first two and cutting to a line coincident with the outer plane of the edgecutters of one of them, substantially as before set forth.

5. In a tenorling-machine, the combination of two adjustable parallel cutter heads arranged on opposite sides of a gap in the frame or column, the arbor of one being endwise adjustable, a third eutter-head operating at right angles to the first two and cutting to a line coincident with the outer plane of the edge-cutters of the non-adjustable one of them, and a carriage reciprocating in the direction of the depth of the said gap, substantially as before set forth.

6. In a tenoning-machine, the combination of two parallel cutter-heads, the belt for driving them arranged over pulleys to leave a gap therein to correspond with the gap in the frame or column, and the automatic belttightener connected with the supporting-slide of one of said cutter-heads, substantially as before set forth.

7. In a tenoning-machine, the combination of the respective supporting-slides of the two parallel cutter heads, the adjusting screws, which support the slides by hangers, and a train of gears and shafts around the gap in the frame or column, with aleading-shaft and gearshifters for turning either one or both of said adjustingscrews to adjust the cutter heads separately or simultaneously, substantially as before set forth.

8. The combination of a cutter head sup porting slide, a hanger supported on a powerdriven adjusting-screw and guided on the slide, and a second adjusting screw between the hanger and the slide, for separate adjustment of said slide, substantially as before set forth.

9. In a tenoning-lnachine, the combination of the respective supportingslides for the two parallel cutter-heads, the hangers from which the slides are suspended, the adjustingscrews between the respective hangers and slides, the adjusting-screws supporting the hangers, and a train of gearing with a leading-shaft and gear-shifters for turning either one or both of said adjusting screws toadjustthecutter-heads separately or simultaneously, substantially as before set forth.

10. In a tenoning-machine, the combination of the respective supporting-slides of the two parallel cutter heads, the adjusting screws which support the slides by hangers, and a train of gearing, including gear-shifters, and a leading-shaft arranged in the hollow column or frame, except thatthe leading-shaft pro trudes for manipulation, substantially as be fore set forth.

11. The combination of the carriage, the nut thereon, the leading-screw, the driven bevel friction'pulley having two concentric frictionsnrfaces, and a pair of shiftable driving bevel friction-pulleys mounted on a single shaft and arranged to engage the respective friction-surfaces of the driven pulley on opposite sides of its axis, substantially as before set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

\V. H. DUANE.

Witnesses:

O. A. NEALE, (J. S. HYER. 

